Signs of Cystitis in Women: Symptoms and Home Treatment

Cystitis- It is a pathology characterized by the development of an inflammatory process that affects the wall of the bladder as a result of the effects of bacterial microorganisms.

Statistical cystitis- One of the most common urological pathologies. Women are much more prone to the onset of this inflammation due to their morphophysiological characteristics.

Bacterial agents entering the bladder cavity are possible in three ways:

1. The ascending road- through urethra (urethra). The main role in this version of the penetration of microorganisms belongs to the anatomical and morphological features of the female urinary tract: short and wide urethra, closely distributed with the anus and vagina.
2. Downside- From the kidneys. This option develops as a course of renal inflammation, for example, chronic pyelonephritis.
3. Hematogenous pathway- The most rational option is established when cystitis occurs immediately after infectious diseases or when another source of purulent infection is detected in the female body. Bacterial microflora in the bladder is also likely due to the presence of anatomical anastomoses (ligaments) between the lymphatic vessels of the genital organs and the bladder undergoing inflammatory changes in the above.

The most common cause of the bladder inflammatory process is E. coli (in 4 out of 5 cases, which is related to the aforementioned anatomical and morphological characteristics and the presence of this microflora in the intestine).

Cystitis is more commonly associated with staphylococcal, streptococcal and enterococcal microorganisms. Grama -negative sticks cause inflammation of the bladder due to instrumental and surgical interventions.

Recently, the incidence of cystic associated with fungal microorganisms, the simplest and viruses have increased.

Only the introduction of infectious microorganisms is not enough to develop a full inflammatory response in the bladder, since the body contains mechanisms of resistance to the action of the pathogenic flora.

Cystitis Development Factors

Thus, in addition to the etiological factor, factors such as ::

• Hemodynamic function disorder(circulation) of the pelvic organs and more special of the bladder;
• Disorder of the excretory function of the bladder(urine stagnation);

• inhibition of various immune bodies of the body(lack of vitamins, exposure to low temperatures, stress, increased fatigue, etc. );
• Passionate effects of biochemical agentsand the exchange of products that are released into the urine to the structure of the bladder wall;
• exposure to radiological rays;
• inconsistency with hygieneexternal genitals and random sexual contact;
• Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, in the presence of which the microflora accumulates and increases its activity, which subsequently enters the urinary tract;
• Regular shifts of hormonal metabolismwhich leads to the lack of tone of the urethra and creates the best conditions for infection.

The first symptomatic manifestations of cystitis in women

Acute cystitis clinic in a woman is characterized by a sudden onset and pronounced symptoms-complexWith:

• The appearance of frequent urination (Pollakiuria)which is characterized by a frequency at least once every 60 minutes and small volumes of released urine; With the development of frequent imperative appeal, patients are not able to control and maintain urine;
• Dysuria (violation of urination)accompanied by pain in the hypogastral area (at the lower abdomen). With the development of the degree of inflammatory process in the wall of the bladder, these symptoms progress: the more it develops, the more often the desire for urination and the more intensive pain;
• Itching in the urinary tractoccurring during the act of urination. Develops due to the exposure to the mucous membrane of the urinary tract products of the metabolism of the microorganisms that cause inflammation of the bladder;
• The appearance of blood dropsAt the end of the urination Act;
• The appearance of blurring urine, due to the entry of a large number of blood cells (leukocytes and red blood cells), bacterial microflora, cells from the superficial epithelium of the inner wall of the bladder;
• Such patients are not characterized by a change in the general condition.Patients' temperature indicators are characterized by normal or slightly enlarged (low-macar) numbers. Scientists associate this with the fact that the mucous membrane of the bladder practically does not suck the metabolic products of the microorganisms that enter the bloodstream usually lead to the intoxication of the body and the development of characteristic symptoms of inflammation.

The relationship of the sudden symptoms and the previous hypothermia of the body of the woman who appeared. Acute inflammation phenomena can sometimes be observed for 2-3 days and independently disappear without the use of therapy.

Nevertheless, this process most often takes more than 6 days, sometimes up to 15 days. The presence of a later date, provided that the appointment of therapy requires the appointment of additional examination methods to identify the concomitant pathologies of the body.

Characteristics of Cystice Pain in Women

In patients with acute cystitis, a varying degree of severity of pain syndrome is observed:

• In the mild course of the inflammatory process, patients experience a minor severity or pain in the lower abdomen.Sensitive pain at the end of the Urination Act accompanied the moderate Pollakiuria. With the more increasing development of the inflammatory process, the intensity of pain increases. Subsequently, this syndrome accompanies the onset or all the act of urination. The pain is unrelated to the act and acquires almost constant nature, it is accompanied by a very painful palpation over the projection of the bladder.
• In a situation where heavy cystitis develops, Patients should urinate at least 2-3 times an hour, which is accompanied by significant pain syndrome and the appearance of blood release from the urethra at the end of the act. The pain significantly impairs the quality of life of the patient because they do not disappear all days.

The presence of blood cells and blood in the urine with cystitis (hematuria syndrome)

When an inflammatory process develops in the walls of the bladder, it affects the tissues near the merge of the urethra and the output of the urethra. The fabric becomes loose and bleed.

This is manifested by the appearance of micro and macrochematuria (or blood) in the urine, which is often observed at the end of the urination law (terminal hematuria).

One of the most severe forms of acute cystitis is hemorrhagic. This type of inflammation occurs with significant penetration of red blood cells (red blood cells) from the blood of the nourishing arteries in the bladder cavity.

This option is possible in the case of increased permeability of the walls of the circulatory vessels (a condition of anemia, vitamin deficiency, disorders of the blood system) or damage to the upper walls with bacterial cells (usually streptococcal flora). The red blood cells that have fallen into the urine of the bubble cavity in the blood.

When hematuria occurs, the doctor is obliged to carefully perform a differential diagnosis between acute cystitis and complex acute form - hemorrhagic cystitis. Additional examination methods are prescribed for this, the type of lesion is clarified and the most correct therapy regimen has been selected.

The characteristics of the course of acute and chronic cystitis in women

Acute cystitis

Summarizing the information above can distinguish the sharp onset of the disease and the presence of a particular symptomatic complex for acute cystitis:

• Frequent urination in small portions,
• Pain syndrome of different nature,
• itching that is associated with the act of urination,
• the appearance of blood drops at the end of the act,
• Unchanged general condition of the woman.

With true and timely diagnosis, the pathological condition is cured within 6-10 days. In the absence of improvements after the 15th day of the course of the disease, it is worth considering the chronicity of inflammatory changes.

In addition to hemorrhage, there are two more forms of a complex course of acute cystitis:

• Gangrene.The gangrene form is rarely found and occurs due to impaired blood supply or innervation of the bladder. Clinically, such cystitis is manifested by difficult urination, accompanied by pain, high body temperature, pain in the sacral region. The process is extremely dangerous for the development of great complications, such as peritonitis and requires rapid treatment measures.
• Phlegmonic.The phlegmonic form is manifested by significant intoxication of the body, high body temperature and is accompanied by the release of a small amount of urine (oliguria). Urine, with such complex current, acquires odor decay, muddy character, fibrin flakes, blood mixture.

The duration of pathology in the event of development of complex forms increases significantly.

There is another form of cystitis - interstitial.It is characterized by inflammation of all membranes of the bubbles of the urine. The clinic is dominated by a sharp fast urination, reaching up to 180 times a day, active complaints of severe pain in the hypogastral area when filling the bladder and its regression after the urination Act. The balloon capacity is significantly reduced, resulting in the above symptoms.

Chronic cystitis

Chronic cystitis, unlike acute, is rarely found as a major pathology and in most cases is a secondary complication of the course of existing pathologies of the bladder, kidneys, urethra.

Given this fact, it is necessary to carefully examine the body for the presence of the above pathological changes, as well as to exclude or confirm the specific origin of the microorganisms - a tuberculosis rod, an invasion of trichomons.

Clinically, chronic cystitis is manifested either through a continuous course with moderate differences in complaints and clinical analysis of urine, or in the form of recurrent pathology with periods of exacerbation (similar to the clinic of acute cystitis) and complete regression (with the lack of any manifestations of the pathological process).

Thus, the objective manifestations of chronic cystitis are corresponding to those in the acute process. They correlate with the common protective properties of the body, the etiology of a bacterial agent that causes an infectious process, and the degree of severity of inflammation. Pain, frequent urination, itching, the presence of blood and blurring of the urine are more pronounced with a constant course and correspond to the acute process with the recurrent course of chronic cystitis.

Due to the lesion of the inflammatory reaction of the mucosa, the swelling of all layers of the urined wall and the increase in internal pressure creates all conditions for the formation of vesicular-memoal reflux, ie the casting of the bladder fluid in the ureter (connects Kidneys and Bubble).

The urologist is involved in checking the diagnosis and purpose of cystitis therapy.

In order to properly diagnose inflammatory pathology, it is necessary to clearly correct patients' complaints and its history (which precedes the development of pathology).

The clinical manifestations are quite specific and can immediately indicate the presence of this disease, but it is necessary to carefully make a differential diagnosis between all types of cystitis, as well as other pathologies of the bladder and diseases of the abdominal organs.

From the anamnesis, data on the tensions and the influence of low temperatures, medication, as well as other lesions localized in the pelvic organs and the genius system will be useful.

After clarifying the complaints and history, the clinical (general) urine analysis will be able to help with the diagnosis - it will detect elevated levels of white and red blood cells (respectively leukocytes and red blood cells).

To identify the type of bacterial microorganism that has caused the inflammatory process, urine sowing of special nutritional environments that can be used in the future to choose the most effective antibacterial drug.

Before the urine fence for a bacteriological examination, it is necessary to treat the area of the external genitals with antiseptic solution. Cystoscopy in the presence of an acute inflammatory reaction is contraindicated.

To diagnose chronic cystitis, along with the collection of complaints and history data, cystoscopy helps during remission. This will determine all the necessary characteristics of an inflammatory disease. With this manipulation, it is possible to take material for biopsy-ligavia membrane of urine. Also, an X -ray study with contrast is recommended to identify chronic cystitis.