Cystitis is an inflammatory disease of the lining of the bladder.The main types of cystitis are bacterial, viral, physiological, aseptic due to venous stasis in the pelvic organs, interstitial cystitis, radiation cystitis.This disease definitely needs treatment to prevent the development of a chronic process and secondary pyelonephritis, as a complication of cystitis
Clinic specialists know how to diagnose cystitis at an early stage.Professional urologists prescribe effective and gentle therapy to quickly stop the symptoms of the disease and maintain your health.
Classification of cystitis
In most cases, inflammation of the bladder lining occurs due to an infection in the body.In this case, acute cystitis is diagnosed.If the treatment tactics are incorrect or the symptoms of the disease are ignored, acute cystitis can become chronic.In a chronic course, cystitis manifests itself as relapses: symptoms appear at the slightest weakening of the body and disappear indefinitely.
Urologists also distinguish:
- Infectious cystitis.Most often, cystitis occurs due to sexually transmitted infections (STIs).It could be other infections that have entered the bladder due to poor personal hygiene.
- Traumatic cystitis.This type of cystitis is rare.The cause of the development of the inflammatory process can be any injury during medical and surgical procedures.For example, trauma during bladder catheterization.
- Chemical cystitis.It occurs due to excessive use of personal care products and use of powerful drugs.Also, chemical cystitis is often diagnosed in patients undergoing anti-cancer radiation or chemotherapy.
Primary cystitis is a primary lesion of the bladder and the manifestation of symptoms associated with bladder damage;secondary cystitis is associated with secondary damage from bacteria coming from the kidneys or changes in nearby organs and tissues.A clinically hidden kidney infection is often found in women with symptoms of cystitis.In this case, we are talking about complicated cystitis in women.In addition, bladder inflammation can be the first manifestation of any urological disease or complicate its course.
Symptoms of cystitis
- frequent unproductive urge to urinate;
- burning and stinging at the end of urination;
- a feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder;
- cloudy, frothy urine mixed with mucus;
- unpleasant, sharp smell of urine;
- pain in urethra and pelvis.
If unpleasant symptoms appear, consult a specialist.Professional urologists will perform a complete diagnosis, make the correct diagnosis and prescribe effective treatment.
Why does cystitis occur?
Cystitis in women is caused by microorganisms of bacterial, viral and parasitic nature.Quite often, the cause of the disease is an opportunistic intestinal microflora: Proteus, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Streptococcus.The entry of intestinal flora into the bladder is facilitated by poor personal hygiene, hypothermia, reduced immunity due to overwork or disease and pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, which leads to a violation of the ratio of opportunistic flora with lacto- and bifidobacteria.
Often sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) provoke inflammation of the bladder mucosa.Due to some similar symptoms, when you self-medicate, you can choose the wrong therapy, which will only temporarily eliminate the symptoms, but will not eliminate the main cause.That is why doctors recommend seeking qualified help.
One of the most unpleasant forms of cystitis for a woman is postcoital cystitis, which is associated with the entry of infectious agents into the urethra during sexual intercourse.An examination of both partners, a consultation with a gynecologist and a urologist and a decision on the need for surgical treatment or correction of the soft tissues of the perineum with hyaluronic acid preparations are necessary.
Like many other diseases, cystitis can occur against the background of chronic neuropsychological stress, hormonal disorders and allergic diseases.The aggressive action of the metabolites of some drugs, which are excreted in the urine and irritate the mucosal wall of the bladder, can also cause the appearance of symptoms of the disease.
Predisposing factors for the development of cystitis in women:
- congenital anomalies (urethral cysts, narrowing of the urethra);
- hypermobile urethra;
- genetic predisposition;
- incorrectly selected antibiotic therapy and hormonal therapy;
- frequent change of sexual partners;
- lack of contraception;
- non-compliance with personal hygiene rules;
- pathology of the gastrointestinal tract.
Diagnosis of the disease
If at least one symptom of cystitis is detected, the patient is recommended to consult a urologist.The clinic employs both female and male urologists to ensure maximum patient comfort.At the first appointment, the doctor will take a detailed look at your medical history, listen to complaints and ask questions about previous diseases of the genitourinary system.
In the clinics, to confirm the diagnosis of cystitis and exclude serious diseases of the bladder (cancer, tuberculosis), laboratory and instrumental research methods are carried out in accordance with modern clinical recommendations for urology.Your doctor may suggest the following tests to diagnose cystitis:
- bacteriological examination of urine;
- PCR of urine for intracellular and viral infections;
- Ultrasound of kidneys and bladder;
- CT and MRI with contrast;
- cystoscopy;
- urodynamic examination (uroflowmetry).
The medical center is equipped with state-of-the-art diagnostic equipment.Very often in urology the cystoscope is used for diagnostic purposes.Uretrocystoscopy is a highly accurate endoscopic examination of the genitourinary system, which allows the diagnosis of cystitis to be established.Detailed information about the state of the excretory system is also provided by diagnostic methods such as ultrasound.
Cystitis in women is often associated with gynecological diseases such as colpitis or bacterial vaginosis.In older women, cystitis is associated with menopause.With this in mind, the urologist may refer the woman for a consultation with a gynecologist.
The scope of the diagnosis depends on the patient's symptoms, comorbidities, and medical history.Don't give up on exploring yourself.In order to make a correct diagnosis and prescribe effective treatment, it is important for the doctor to establish the root cause of the disease.
In the medical center, all examinations are carried out with the help of modern high-tech equipment of expert class.Experienced specialists will help to diagnose the disease in an early, asymptomatic stage to ensure quality treatment in time.
Treatment of cystitis
Treatment of cystitis, the symptoms of which can be minor or severe, is not recommended without consultation with an experienced urologist.
Complex treatment is indicated for cystitis, which will not only eliminate the pathogen and relieve the inflammatory process, but also preserve local immunity.As a rule, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed.It is extremely important that you follow all the doctor's instructions and complete the treatment.After prescribing drugs, the symptoms of cystitis disappear within 2-3 days, but this does not mean that the cause of the disease has been eliminated.Only complete treatment can ensure that the disease will not progress to a chronic stage.
Control tests based on the results of treatment should be performed within a week after the end of treatment, their volume is determined by the doctor in each individual case.
Self-medication can lead to chronic inflammation, deterioration of the condition and involvement of the kidneys in the inflammatory process.Chronic inflammation increases the risk of cancer.Uncontrolled use of antibacterial therapy and any other drugs without a doctor's prescription is unacceptable.
Complications of cystitis
With improper treatment or in an advanced stage of chronic cystitis, the following complications are possible:
- urinary incontinence;
- vesicoureteral reflux;
- pyelonephritis;
- cystalgia.
Physiotherapy for cystitis
In the treatment of chronic and acute cystitis in women, physiotherapy has shown particular effectiveness as an adjunctive treatment.Physiotherapy helps to improve blood flow, stimulate microcirculation and normalize venous outflow.The procedures consolidate the effect of drug treatment, helping to prevent cystitis.The doctor may recommend:
- ozone therapy;
- electrophoresis;
- magnetic therapy;
- ultrasound therapy.
All physiotherapy procedures can be completed in a specialist clinic under the supervision of experienced physiotherapists.
Advantages of cystitis treatment in a modern clinic
- Specialists will carry out a complete diagnosis, make the correct diagnosis and prescribe comprehensive treatment.
- Examinations, treatment, rehabilitation - everything can be obtained in one clinic.
- The clinic offers effective physiotherapy for rapid rehabilitation after treatment.
Prevention of cystitis
Urologists recommend that women undergo an annual preventive examination by a gynecologist and urologist and undergo tests.This will allow you to promptly determine the presence of inflammation in the body and prescribe treatment.Very often, diseases of the genitourinary system "do not hurt" and are asymptomatic.
Also, to prevent cystitis in women it is recommended:
- avoid hypothermia;
- use contraception;
- observe the rules of personal hygiene;
- do not forget to rinse the external genitalia under running water before and after intercourse;
- avoid traumatic sexual positions that can damage the urethra;
- wear loose underwear that will not interfere with blood flow and lymphatic drainage;
- timely treatment of any diseases of the genitourinary system.