Antibiotics for cystitis are prescribed after examination and identification of the causative agent of the disease.At the same time, a test is conducted to determine the sensitivity of the bacteria to various drugs.Based on the information received, the doctor prepares a treatment plan necessary to effectively fight the infection and prevent serious complications.
Efficiency
Pathogenic microflora is capable of developing resistance to various drugs, so modern antibiotics have a wide spectrum of action, which allows them to destroy almost all pathogenic microorganisms.The most popular drug is fosfomycin.
The antibacterial agent is available in powder form.This ensures its high bioavailability.The active substance destroys bacterial cells, relieving the main symptoms of infection.The wide spectrum of action and the minimal number of side effects allow fosfomycin to be used in various forms of cystitis.
In acute
In the case of an acute inflammatory process in the bladder, it is necessary to quickly stop the growth of pathogenic microflora and prevent the chronicity of the disease.Modern antibiotics with proven effectiveness are used for this purpose.
In acute cystitis, Monural is often prescribed.Its main component is able to accumulate in the tissues of the urinary system and maintain a therapeutic effect for a long period of time.For an uncomplicated infection, one application is sufficient.
For chronic
In the case of chronic cystitis, the antibacterial agent should be chosen more carefully based on the test data.Depending on the sensitivity of the bacteria to various substances, the doctor determines the name, release form and dose of the drug.
With blood
When inflammation of the bladder mucosa is accompanied by bleeding, most often the patient is hospitalized and given antibiotic injections.Hemorrhagic cystitis is a major health hazard.Therefore, the course of treatment is carried out in a hospital under the supervision of a doctor.
Fluoroquinolones
In the complex therapy of cystitis, drugs from the group of fluoroquinolones are often used.These are synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that can interrupt DNA synthesis of pathogenic bacteria.
Most fluoroquinolones are effective against gram-negative pathogenic microflora.At the same time, gram-positive microorganisms, such as streptococci, enterococci and pneumococci, as well as anaerobic bacteria, show resistance to these substances.
Norfloxacin and Ofloxacin are prescribed for the treatment of cystitis and other urinary tract infections.Tablets have a number of contraindications.They should not be used by children under 18 years of age, pregnant and lactating women, patients with kidney, liver and cardiovascular insufficiency.
Cephalosporins
The cephalosporin group of antibacterial agents includes 5 generations of drugs that can destroy the cell walls of bacteria.Medicines are available in different forms: tablets, solutions and powders for injections and in the form of a suspension.The peculiarity of the drugs is that they are characterized by relatively low toxicity.Antibiotics from this group are sometimes prescribed even to small children.
Side effects of cephalosporins often include nausea and vomiting or allergic skin reactions.For cystitis, the doctor can prescribe cephalexin monohydrate, cefixime, cefaclor, ceftriaxone.
Penicillins
The list of drugs included in the penicillin group is quite wide, since this type of antibiotic was created earlier than others.The drugs affect the enzymes necessary for the synthesis of the cell wall of the infectious agent.However, a large number of types of pathogenic microflora have developed resistance to penicillins.Therefore, these drugs are used less and less for the treatment of inflammatory processes in the excretory system.Ampicillin or amoxicillin may be prescribed for cystitis.
Hydroxyquinolines
8-Hydroxyquinoline derivatives are characterized by an intense antimicrobial effect.These compounds interfere with the synthesis of DNA gyrase in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, stopping their further reproduction.Nitroxoline from the group of hydroxyquinolines is used in the complex treatment of cystitis.
This drug is prescribed when treatment with other drugs does not lead to a positive result.The antibiotic has many contraindications and can cause severe side effects, so it is strictly forbidden to use it without a doctor's recommendation.
Quinolones
The quinolone group of drugs with a bactericidal effect was created on the basis of nalidixic acid (nalidixic acid) and pipemidic acid (pipemidic acid).
Medicines of this series have proven to be effective uroantiseptics, so they are often prescribed for the treatment of cystitis and other infectious diseases of the urinary tract.However, not all pathogens are sensitive to these antibiotics, so you should undergo an examination before starting treatment.
Nitrofurans
A class of synthetic antimicrobials called nitrofurans includes such popular tablets as nitrofurantoin and furazidine.
These drugs contain active components that are quickly absorbed into the blood from the gastrointestinal tract, penetrate the lesion and accumulate in the urine and kidneys.Medicines stop the growth of bacteria and destroy them.The difficulty in using nitrofurans is that these drugs cause adverse reactions in the body.
Macrolides
Medicines from the group of macrolides are of natural origin and have a minimal toxic effect on the human body, which is why they are considered the safest antibacterial agents for cystitis.
Tablets such as Roxithromycin and Azithromycin are effective for inflammation of the bladder mucosa.Their active ingredients destabilize the synthesis of special enzymes in bacterial ribosomes.As a result, pathogenic microorganisms, including intracellular ones, die.Macrolides also stimulate the body's immune response.
Tetracyclines
Antibiotics from the group of tetracyclines are able to destroy the cell membranes of bacteria.These drugs are active against gram-positive aerobic pathogens.Tetracycline drugs are effective against infections with some gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria.
But the spectrum of action of antibiotics is quite narrow compared to other drugs in this pharmaceutical field.Therefore, tetracyclines are prescribed only after receiving the test results.Doxycycline is most commonly used for cystitis.
Levomycetins
The main active ingredient included in the drugs of the chloramphenicol group is a component whose properties are identical to the natural antibiotic chloramphenicol.Levomycetin and its analogues are effective against many types of pathogenic microflora.The antibiotic acts bacteriostatically.
However, a number of urinary tract infection pathogens have developed resistance to chloramphenicol.In addition, the drug has many contraindications.Therefore, for the treatment of cystitis, chloramphenicol is prescribed only in cases where therapy with other drugs has not given a positive result.
Herbal medicines
Herbal medicines are used to treat inflammatory processes in the organs of the urinary system.
A natural remedy based on cranberries is very effective against urinary tract infections.The berry has a bactericidal and diuretic effect, helps strengthen the immune system.
Contraindications
Antibiotics are powerful drugs and have a number of contraindications.Using medicines without consulting a doctor can lead to serious health consequences.During the treatment of an infectious lesion of the bladder, you must strictly adhere to the recommendations of the urologist, observe the dosage and duration of use of the prescribed drugs.
During pregnancy
During pregnancy, most antibiotics are contraindicated because the active components penetrate the placental barrier and can cause malformations of the fetus.Herbal medicines are often prescribed during pregnancy.The doctor selects antibacterial agents individually for the expectant mother, in cases where the benefit to the woman exceeds the potential risk to the child.
When breastfeeding
During breastfeeding, strong drugs are also prohibited.Antibiotics used in the treatment of cystitis in women can harm the baby if the active substances are excreted in the milk.It is recommended that the child be transferred to artificial feeding for the entire period of therapy.
For the children
Children should not be given antibacterial agents without consulting a doctor.A number of drugs are contraindicated at an early age.In addition, the dose of the drug in most cases is calculated based on the weight of the child.
For men
The doctor always chooses an antibiotic, taking into account not only the course of the disease, but also the general state of health of the patient.
For men with acute liver, cardiovascular and kidney failure, cerebral atherosclerosis and other severe pathologies, a number of drugs are contraindicated.Some antibiotics negatively affect potency and reproductive function.This should be taken into account when taking medication.
Complications
With inflammation of the bladder there is a risk of complications affecting all pelvic organs.The infection can spread to the kidneys, causing severe pyelonephritis.Bacterial infection of the urinary tract is dangerous for women due to various inflammatory diseases of the reproductive organs.
If the patient did not follow the doctor's recommendations regarding the dosage of the drugs and the duration of the course of treatment, then the pathogenic flora that caused the infection may develop resistance to the drugs and become chronic.It is extremely difficult to completely cure cystitis in this case.Chronic infection contributes to a general intoxication of the body and a decrease in immunity.
Reviews
The best way to treat cystitis at home is to drink fosfomycin.You only need one packet of powder.No symptoms the next day.There are no side effects either.If I had not tried it myself, I would not have believed that in just one day you can get rid of pain, itching and constant trips to the toilet.The product is expensive but effective.
Inexpensive products can also fight the infection well.This was proven once again by Fosfomycin and Ofloxacin.I drank an antibiotic, and then an herbal preparation to enhance the effect according to the scheme recommended by the doctor.The symptoms of inflammation quickly passed, I stopped running to the toilet every half hour and returned to normal life.I just had to take a course of probiotics to avoid dysbiosis.I noticed no more side effects.